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Compare Ethiopia (2005) - Micronesia, Federated States of (2006)

Compare Ethiopia (2005) z Micronesia, Federated States of (2006)

 Ethiopia (2005)Micronesia, Federated States of (2006)
 EthiopiaMicronesia, Federated States of
Administrative divisions 9 ethnically-based states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela Peoples), Hareri Hizb (Harari People), Oromiya (Oromia), Sumale (Somali), Tigray, Ye Debub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples) 4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae (Kosaie), Pohnpei (Ponape), Yap
Age structure 0-14 years: 43.9% (male 16,082,504/female 15,999,602)


15-64 years: 53.4% (male 19,452,737/female 19,525,746)


65 years and over: 2.7% (male 905,648/female 1,087,049) (2005 est.)
0-14 years: 36.6% (male 20,116/female 19,391)


15-64 years: 60.4% (male 32,620/female 32,659)


65 years and over: 3% (male 1,413/female 1,805) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, sugarcane, potatoes, qat; hides, cattle, sheep, goats black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), betel nuts, sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens; fish
Airports 83 (2004 est.) 6 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 14


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total: 6


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 69


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 13


914 to 1,523 m: 27


under 914 m: 23 (2004 est.)
-
Area total: 1,127,127 sq km


land: 1,119,683 sq km


water: 7,444 sq km
total: 702 sq km


land: 702 sq km


water: 0 sq km (fresh water only)


note: includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Chuuk (Truk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae (Kosaie)
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Texas four times the size of Washington, DC (land area only)
Background Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule, with the exception of the 1936-41 Italian occupation during World War II. In 1974 a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). A constitution was adopted in 1994 and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A two and a half year border war with Eritrea ended with a peace treaty on 12 December 2000. Final demarcation of the boundary is currently on hold due to Ethiopian objections to an international commission's finding requiring it to surrender sensitive territory. In 1979 the Federated States of Micronesia, a UN Trust Territory under US administration, adopted a constitution. In 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the US, which was amended and renewed in 2004. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on US aid.
Birth rate 38.61 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 24.68 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues: $1.887 billion


expenditures: $2.388 billion, including capital expenditures of $788 million (2004 est.)
revenues: $127.3 million ($69 million less grants)


expenditures: $144.2 million; including capital expenditures of $17.9 million $NA (1998 est.)
Capital Addis Ababa name: Palikir


geographic coordinates: 6 55 N, 158 08 E


time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 6,112 km
Constitution ratified December 1994, effective 22 August 1995 10 May 1979
Country name conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia


conventional short form: Ethiopia


local long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik


local short form: Ityop'iya


former: Abyssinia, Italian East Africa


abbreviation: FDRE
conventional long form: Federated States of Micronesia


conventional short form: none


local long form: Federated States of Micronesia


local short form: none


former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts


abbreviation: FSM
Death rate 15.06 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 4.75 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $2.9 billion (2001 est.) $60.8 million (FY05 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Aurelia A. BRAZEAL


embassy: Entoto Street, Addis Ababa


mailing address: P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa


telephone: [251] (1) 550666


FAX: [251] (1) 551328
chief of mission: Ambassador Suzanne K. HALE


embassy: 101 Upper Pics Road, Kolonia


mailing address: P. O. Box 1286, Kolonia, Pohnpei, 96941


telephone: [691] 320-2187


FAX: [691] 320-2186
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador KASSAHUN Ayele


chancery: 3506 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 364-1200


FAX: [1] (202) 686-9551


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles


consulate(s): New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Jesse Bibiano MAREHALAU


chancery: 1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 223-4383


FAX: [1] (202) 223-4391


consulate(s) general: Honolulu, Tamuning (Guam)
Disputes - international Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but despite international intervention, mutual animosities, accusations and armed posturing prevail, preventing demarcation; Ethiopia refuses to withdraw to the delimited boundary until technical errors made by the EEBC that ignored "human geography" are addressed, including the award of Badme, the focus of the 1998-2000 war; Eritrea insists that the EEBC decision be implemented immediately without modifications; Ethiopia has only an administrative line and no international border with the Oromo region of southern Somalia where it maintains alliances with local clans in opposition to the unrecognized Somali Interim Government in Mogadishu; "Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia; the UNHCR expects most of the remaining 23,000 Somali refugees in Ethiopia to be repatriated in 2005; efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Sudan have been delayed by civil war none
Economic aid - recipient $308 million (FY00/01) $86.3 million under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US pledged $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001; the level of aid has been subsequently reduced
Economy - overview Ethiopia's poverty-stricken economy is based on agriculture, accounting for half of GDP, 60% of exports, and 80% of total employment. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent drought and poor cultivation practices. Coffee is critical to the Ethiopian economy with exports of some $156 million in 2002, but historically low prices have seen many farmers switching to qat to supplement income. The war with Eritrea in 1998-2000 and recurrent drought have buffeted the economy, in particular coffee production. In November 2001, Ethiopia qualified for debt relief from the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Under Ethiopia's land tenure system, the government owns all land and provides long-term leases to the tenants; the system continues to hamper growth in the industrial sector as entrepreneurs are unable to use land as collateral for loans. Drought struck again late in 2002, leading to a 2% decline in GDP in 2003. Normal weather patterns late in 2003 helped agricultural and GDP growth recover in 2004. Economic activity consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing. The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but the remote location, a lack of adequate facilities, and limited air connections hinder development. The Amended Compact of Free Association with the US guarantees the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) millions of dollars in annual aid through 2023, and establishes a Trust Fund into which the US and the FSM make annual contributions in order to provide annual payouts to the FSM in perpetuity after 2023. The country's medium-term economic outlook appears fragile due not only to the reduction in US assistance but also to the slow growth of the private sector.
Electricity - consumption 1.998 billion kWh (2002) 178.6 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2002) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2002) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 2.149 billion kWh (2002) 192 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Denakil Depression -125 m


highest point: Ras Dejen 4,620 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Dolohmwar (Totolom) 791 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management overfishing, climate change, pollution
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigre 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1% nine ethnic Micronesian and Polynesian groups
Exchange rates birr per US dollar - 8.68 (2004), 8.5997 (2003), 8.5678 (2002), 8.4575 (2001), 8.2173 (2000)


note: since 24 October 2001 exchange rates are determined on a daily basis via interbank transactions regulated by the Central Bank
the US dollar is used
Executive branch chief of state: President GIRMA Woldegiorgis (since 8 October 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister MELES Zenawi (since NA August 1995)


cabinet: Council of Ministers as provided for in the December 1994 constitution; ministers are selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representatives


elections: president elected by the House of People's Representatives for a six-year term; election last held 8 October 2001 (next to be held October 2007); prime minister designated by the party in power following legislative elections


election results: GIRMA Woldegiorgis elected president; percent of vote by the House of People's Representatives - 100%
chief of state: President Joseph J. URUSEMAL (since 11 May 2003); Vice President Redley KILLION (11 May 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Joseph J. URUSEMAL (since 11 May 2003); Vice President Redley KILLION (11 May 2003)


cabinet: Cabinet includes the vice president and the heads of the eight executive departments


elections: president and vice president elected by Congress from among the four senators at large for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 11 May 2003 (next to be held May 2007); note - a proposed constitutional amendment to establish popular elections for president and vice president failed


election results: Joseph J. URUSEMAL elected president; percent of Congress vote - NA%; Redley KILLION elected vice president; percent of Congress vote - NA%
Exports NA $14 million (f.o.b.) (2004 est.)
Exports - commodities coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds fish, garments, bananas, black pepper
Exports - partners Djibouti 13.3%, Germany 10%, Japan 8.4%, Saudi Arabia 5.6%, US 5.2%, UAE 5%, Italy 4.6% (2004) Japan, US, Guam (2004)
Fiscal year 8 July - 7 July 1 October - 30 September
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 47%


industry: 12.4%


services: 40.6% (2004 est.)
agriculture: 28.9%


industry: 15.2%


services: 55.9% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $800 (2004 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 11.6% (2004 est.) 0.3% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 38 00 E 6 55 N, 158 15 E
Geography - note landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia; three major crops are believed to have originated in Ethiopia: coffee, grain sorghum, and castor bean four major island groups totaling 607 islands
Highways total: 33,297 km


paved: 3,996 km


unpaved: 29,301 km (2002)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 3%


highest 10%: 33.7% (1995)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs Transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center -
Imports NA $132.7 million f.o.b. (2004)
Imports - commodities food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages
Imports - partners Saudi Arabia 25.3%, US 15.8%, China 6.6% (2004) US, Japan, Hong Kong (2004)
Independence oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years 3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 6.7% (2001 est.) NA%
Industries food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement tourism, construction; fish processing, specialized aquaculture; craft items from shell, wood, and pearls
Infant mortality rate total: 95.32 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 105.3 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 85.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
total: 29.16 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 32.17 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 26.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.4% (2004 est.) 2.2% (2005)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer) ACP, AsDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO
Irrigated land 1,900 sq km (1998 est.) NA
Judicial branch Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council) Supreme Court
Labor force NA (2001 est.) 37,410
Labor force - by occupation agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, industry and construction 8%, government and services 12% (1985) note: 0.9% two-thirds are government employees, 34.4%, 64.7%
Land boundaries total: 5,328 km


border countries: Djibouti 349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km, Somalia 1,600 km, Sudan 1,606 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 10.71%


permanent crops: 0.75%


other: 88.54% (2001)
arable land: 5.71%


permanent crops: 45.71%


other: 48.58% (2005)
Languages Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools) English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
Legal system currently transitional mix of national and regional courts based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Federation or upper chamber (108 seats; members are chosen by state assemblies to serve five-year terms) and the House of People's Representatives or lower chamber (548 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote from single-member districts to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 15 May 2005 (next to be held NA 2010)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by party - OPDO 177, ANDM 134, TPLF 38, WGGPDO 27, EPRDF 19, SPDO 18, GNDM 15, KSPDO 10, ANDP 8, GPRDF 7, SOPDM 7, BGPDUF 6, BMPDO 5, KAT 4, other regional political groupings 22, independents 8; note - 43 seats unconfirmed


note: irregularities and violence at some polling stations necessitated the rescheduling of voting in certain constituencies; voting postponed in Somali regional state because of severe drought
unicameral Congress (14 seats; 4 - one elected from each state to serve four-year terms and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population to serve two-year terms; members elected by popular vote)


elections: elections for four-year term seats last held 4 March 2003 (next to be held March 2007); elections for two-year term seats last held 8 March 2005 (next to be held March 2007)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 14
Life expectancy at birth total population: 48.83 years


male: 47.67 years


female: 50.03 years (2005 est.)
total population: 70.05 years


male: 68.24 years


female: 71.95 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 42.7%


male: 50.3%


female: 35.1% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 89%


male: 91%


female: 88% (1980 est.)
Location Eastern Africa, west of Somalia Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia
Map references Africa Oceania
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 81,933 GRT/101,287 DWT


by type: cargo 6, roll on/roll off 2 (2005)
total: 2 ships (1000 GRT or over) 2,423 GRT/1,551 DWT


by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1 (2006)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the US
Military branches Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF): Ground Forces, Air Force


note: Ethiopia is landlocked and has no navy; following the secession of Eritrea, Ethiopian naval facilities remained in Eritrean possession (2003)
no ministry of defense and no standing armed forces; the paramilitary Maritime Wing, a small maritime law enforcement unit, is responsible to the Division of Maritime Surveillance within the Office of the Attorney General (2003)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $337.1 million (2004) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.6% (2004) -
National holiday National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991) Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)
Nationality noun: Ethiopian(s)


adjective: Ethiopian
noun: Micronesian(s)


adjective: Micronesian; Chuukese, Kosraen(s), Pohnpeian(s), Yapese
Natural hazards geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts typhoons (June to December)
Natural resources small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals, phosphate
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population


note: repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan for refuge from war and famine in earlier years is expected to continue for several years; some Sudanese and Somali refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to their homes (2005 est.)
-21.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [leader NA]; Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [Mulualem BESSE]; Coalition for Unity and Democracy or CUD [HAILU Shawil]; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [MELES Zenawi] (an alliance of ANDM, OPDO, SEPDF, and TPLF); Gurage Nationalities' Democratic Movement or GNDM [leader NA]; United Ethopian Democratic Forces or UEDF [MERARA Gudina]; dozens of small parties no formal parties
Political pressure groups and leaders Afar Revolutionary Democratic Union Front or ARDUF [leader NA]; Council of Alternative Forces for Peace and Democracy in Ethiopia or CAFPDE [BEYANE Petros]; Southern Ethiopia People's Democratic Coalition or SEPDC [BEYANE Petros] -
Population 73,053,286


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
108,004 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line 50% (2004 est.) 26.7%
Population growth rate 2.36% (2005 est.) -0.11% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Ethiopia is landlocked and has used ports of Assab and Massawa in Eritrea and port of Djibouti -
Radio broadcast stations AM 8, FM 0, shortwave 1 (2001) AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)
Railways total: 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)


narrow gauge: 681 km 1.000-m gauge


note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia (2004)
-
Religions Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, animist 12%, other 3%-8% Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%, other 3%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
NA
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate for government use


domestic: open-wire; microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; two domestic satellites provide the national trunk service


international: country code - 251; open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean)
general assessment: adequate system


domestic: islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes), satellite (Intelsat) ground stations, and some coaxial and fiber-optic cable; cellular service available on Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap


international: country code - 691; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2002)
Telephones - main lines in use 435,000 (2003) 12,400 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 97,800 (2003) 14,100 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 1 plus 24 repeaters (2002) 3; note - cable TV also available (2004)
Terrain high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Chuuk
Total fertility rate 5.33 children born/woman (2005 est.) 3.16 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate NA (2002) 22% (2000 est.)
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